Abstract

Rapid development in many countries has resulted in growth of urbanization. Currently, over 50% of the world population is living in urban areas; it is expected that number grows to 70% by 2050. Urban areas manifest heat islands that affect the urban climate, air quality and energy use. In addition, the urban population is facing the added effects of climate change and global warming that causes extreme weather and leading to an increase in mortality and morbidity.

In this lecture we will review:

1.  The basics of human physiology in terms of thermal comfort and response to ambient air quality

2. The effect of increasing ambient temperature and extreme heat waves on urban mortality and morbidity

3. Short-term response to extreme heat to minimize mortality and morbidity

4. Long-term adaptation policies to transform urban heat island into cool communities.

许多国家的快速发展加速了城市化进程。目前，全世界50％以上的人口居住在城市地区；预计到2050年，这一数字将增长到70％。城市地区环境所表现出的热岛特征影响城市气候，空气质量和区域能耗。此外，城市人口正面临气候变化和全球变暖的附加影响，极端天气的频繁出现导致死亡率和发病率上升。

在本讲中我们将回顾：

1. 人体热舒适以及对周围空气质量反应的生理基础；

2. 环境升温和极端热浪对城市人口死亡率和发病率的影响；

3. 对极端高温的短期应对措施，如何最大程度地降低死亡率和发病率；

4. 将城市热岛区域转变为凉爽社区的中长期适应性对策。

Speaker Bio

Hashem Akbari is a Professor and leader of the Heat Island Group at Concordia University (Montreal, Canada). He has obtained his Ph.D. in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. He has pioneered the research in analyzing urban heat islands and development of countermeasures to cool summer heat islands and design of energy efficient communities. His research focus has been: analyses of energy, air quality, health impact, and environmental aspects of heat islands mitigation measures (cool roofs, cool pavements, urban vegetation); development of cool materials; development of implementation codes and standards; and in collaboration with policy makers and stakeholders, coordination of national and international programs for implementing mitigation measures. Dr Akbari’s research also includes energy efficiency in commercial and residentials buildings; advanced integrated utility-customer communication, computation and control; and integrated smart control in commercial buildings. Dr. Akbari is the author of more than 300 articles and coauthor of several books, and chief editor and editor of several scientific journals. He is the founding organizer and member of Board of Directors of Global Cool Cities Alliance, Cool Roof Rating Council; and an active member of ASHRAE and ASTM. In collaboration with GCCA, he is currently coordinating the “100 Cool Cities” initiative to cool urban heat islands and counter global warming. He is also the leading organizer of the International Conference on Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands (IC2UHI) series held every 2-3 years.

Hashem Akbari教授博士毕业于加州大学伯克利分校，目前是康考迪亚大学（加拿大蒙特利尔）热岛研究团队的负责人。Akbari教授所领导的研究工作长期以来在城市热岛成因分析，夏季城市过热的冷却对策以及区域节能设计领域处于行业领先位置。其研究方向重点包括：城市热岛缓解措施（高反射屋面，高反射铺地，城市绿化）在能耗、空气质量、居民健康和区域环境方面的影响；高反射材料的开发；应对热岛效应的行业规范与标准；并与政府、业主合作，参与国家和国际热岛缓解措施的实施与协调。此外Akbari博士的研究内容还包括商业和住宅建筑的能效；用户和设备之间的通信，计算和控制集成；商业建筑中的智能控制嵌入等。Akbari博士在学术刊物累计发表300余篇论文，并合著有多部著作，并长期担任多部学术期刊主编与编委。他是Global Cool Cities联盟Cool Roof 评估委员会的创始组织者和董事会成员， 并且是ASHRAE和ASTM的活跃成员。目前，Akbari教授正在与GCCA合作落实“100个凉爽城市”的倡议，以缓解城市热岛现象应对全球变暖。Akbari教授是国际城市热岛对策研讨会（IC2UHI）的主要组织者，该会议每2-3年举行一次。